CTEV
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV), commonly known as clubfoot, is a congenital deformity of the foot where one or both feet are twisted inward and downward. This condition is present at birth and can vary in severity. Without treatment, clubfoot can cause walking difficulties and permanent disability, but early diagnosis and intervention typically lead to successful correction.
Key Characteristics of CTEV:
- Foot Deformity: The foot appears turned inward and downward. The affected foot or feet may also be smaller than normal, with underdeveloped calf muscles.
- Rigid and Flexible Types
Etiology:
The exact cause of CTEV is not always clear, but it is believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. There may be a family history of clubfoot, and certain syndromes or conditions, such as spina bifida, can increase the likelihood of CTEV. It is more common in males than females.
Treatment:
The goal of treatment for CTEV is to correct the position of the foot so the child can walk normally. Early treatment is essential and is typically started shortly after birth. The two most common treatment methods include:
Ponseti Method:
- Gentle manipulation and casting: The foot is gradually manipulated into the correct position, and a cast is applied to maintain the new position. This process is repeated weekly for several weeks.
- Tenotomy: In some cases, a minor surgical procedure called a tenotomy (cutting of the Achilles tendon) is performed to release tension in the tendon.
- Bracing: After the foot is corrected, the child will need to wear a brace (usually at night) to maintain the corrected position and prevent relapse.
French Method (Physical Therapy):
- Involves daily stretching, manipulation, and taping of the foot, combined with physical therapy. This method requires a more hands-on, long-term approach and active parental involvement.
Surgical Treatment:
- In cases where conservative methods fail, surgery may be required to correct the foot's structure. Surgery is more commonly used for severe or neglected cases of CTEV.
